2011-4-2 15:20:00

我国职业卫生现状不容乐观 病种50年增5倍

3月26日，由中国医院协会企业医院分会主办、北京电力医院承办的首届全国企业医院健康管理大会在北京召开。中国医院协会曹荣桂会长宣布“企业医院健康管理学组”成立并发表重要讲话。他指出，目前我国的职业卫生现状不容乐观。 　　曹荣桂指出，我国的职业卫生现状不容乐观，突出表现在以下四个方面： 　　第一，病人总量大。截止2006年底，全国累计报告职业病676562例，其中尘肺病累计发病616442例，死亡146195例，病死率达23.7%。2010年，卫生部向社会公布了《2009年全国职业病报告情况》： 新中国成立以来至2009年年底，累计报告职业病722730例。职业病病人的病种也由1957年的14种扩大到现在的115种，50年增加了近5倍。 　　第二，发病率较高。我国涉及有毒有害作业的企业超过1600万家，接触职业危害的人数超过2亿。 　　第三，经济损失大。据有关方面粗略估算，我国每年因职业病、工伤事故造成的直接经济损失达1000亿元，间接经济损失约达2000亿元。 　　第四，社会影响大。由于职业危害具有群体性，致伤、致残率高，以及难以治愈等特点，社会影响恶劣，同时，也造成国际上的不良影响。 　　曹荣桂认为，目前大多数企业的领导都比较重视和关心职工的健康。组织一年一度的健康体检基本已纳入企业的工作议程，体检的资金也纳入了预算。但是,“普遍缺乏体检后的进一步的跟踪与管理，也就是没有真正的健康管理。” 曹荣桂说。 　　曹荣桂强调，企业医院由于其自身直接隶属于大型国有企业，直接面对广大企业员工，做好员工的疾病预防保健工作义不容辞，在职业人群健康管理上也有着社会医院无可比拟的优势。企业医院应该充分发挥自身优势，积极开展职业健康体检，做好岗前，岗中及离岗时的职业病检查，建立职工职业健康档案，动态关注职工的职业健康状况，及时发现职业危害因素，最大限度地保障职工健康。通过健康科普教育及其它健康促进的手段，让职工了解疾病、了解自身，提高职工健康素养。倡导在职工中开展安全教育，让职工了解职业安全危害因素，普及现场应急救护知识，提高职工在突发情况下的应急避险与自救能力。 　　曹荣桂指出，企业医院应密切关注以下职工健康水平变化指标：第一，职工一般疾病发病率的下降比例。第二，职工因病伤缺勤工时下降比例。第三，职业病发病率下降比例。第四，职工平均期望寿命及死亡率变化（根据健康教育计划周期长短）。第五，劳动生产率与经济效益提高的指标。

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