1.忌立即喝茶
有些人习惯放下饭碗端茶杯,吃完饭后即喝茶,这实在是弊多利少的不良习惯。因为喝茶固然能增加胃液的分泌,促进食物尤其是肉类的消化吸收,但是茶叶中含有多量的单宁,它进入胃肠道后,能使食物中的蛋白质变成不易消化的凝固物质,妨碍人体对蛋白质、铁质及其他营养素的吸收,日久天长会导致人体营养不良。有饭后饮茶习惯的人,不妨改为饭后用茶水漱口,这样既可以去油解腻、爽口洁齿,又可因茶水中含氟元素而预防龋齿。
2.忌立即吃冷饮
饭后立即吃冷饮,对消化道产生一个很强的冷刺激,会引起消化道强烈的蠕动,这样就可能引起腹痛腹泻。同时,冷热的强烈变化会使胃部血管突然收缩,长此以往就会导致胃的消化机能失调,甚至造成消化不良或其他疾患。
3.忌立即吸烟
有吸烟嗜好的人常说:“饭后一支烟,赛过活神仙。”其实,饭后吸烟,祸害无穷。据有关人员测定,饭后吸1支烟所吸收的毒物,比平时吸10支烟的毒物还多。因为人在吃饭以后,胃肠蠕动加强,血液循环加快,全身的毛细血管全都处于舒张状态,此时人体吸收烟雾的能力“最佳”,烟中的有毒物质比平常更易进人人体,从而可加重对人体的危害。
4.忌剧烈运动
民间有“饭后百步走,能活九十九”的谚语,意思是说饭后适当运动能帮助消化,有益于人体健康。但若饭后立即进行剧烈活动,如打球、跑步、从事重体力劳动等,则会影响食物的消化吸收,于健康不利。因为剧烈运动或劳动时四肢肌肉需要有较多的血液供应,胃肠道的血液供应就会相对减少。消化吸收必然会受到影响。另外,饭后胃里食物较多,重量也较大,如果运动或劳动过度,容易造成腹痛、胃下垂等病变。故运动或劳动应安排在饭后1小时之后为宜。
5.忌马上洗澡、游泳
饭后,人的消化系统即开始紧张的消化吸收工作,所需要的血液大大增加。如果此时马上洗澡或游泳,则皮肤血管扩张、血流量增加,消化道的血液供应就要减少,消化能力就会减弱。而洗澡、游泳时的全身运动,也促使各运动器官血流量增加,会进一步削弱胃肠的消化活动。另外,游泳时人体浸没在水里,一方面由于水的压力影响了胃的蠕动,妨碍食物与胃液的充分混和;另一方面,腹部血管受到冷水刺激会引起收缩,导致胃部血供不足,容易产生胃痉挛,发生呕吐或消化不良。所以,饭后应休息15分钟再去洗澡,休息半小时后再去游泳。如果是剧烈的比赛,则应在进餐2小时后举行。
6.忌立即大便
许多人有饭后立即大便的习惯,这对人体健康十分不利。因为吃饭后胃酸、消化酶分泌增多,胃的蠕动功能增强,若在胃内装满未消化的食物时排解大便,腹内压力会骤然加大,胃酸、消化酶有可能返流至食道,久之可形成返流性食道溃疡。食人硬质食物后用力大便,腹内压力很高,硬质食物易损伤胃黏膜,久之可形成糜烂性慢性胃炎。饭后马上大便还可促使幽门平滑肌功能紊乱、胆汁返流,导致胃黏膜充血、水肿、发炎。故有饭后立即排便习惯的人应逐渐改正过来。
7.忌马上睡觉
饭后,由于消化器官血流量增加,脑部血液供应相对减少,人就感到疲倦,甚至昏昏欲睡。这种现象在午饭后表现得更为明显。如果饭后马上睡觉,则胃肠道的蠕动减慢,消化液分泌减少,食物就不能得以充分消化。特别是小儿可引起消化功能紊乱、消化吸收不良,久之可引起营养缺乏症。再者,食物停滞在胃里,还会促使大脑兴奋性提高,使人不易入睡,即使是睡着了也会发生咬牙、说梦话、做恶梦等“胃不和则卧不安”的现象,因此,饭后要等一段时间睡觉。
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